Assessment of flow characteristics over complex terrain covered by the heterogeneous forest at slightly varying mean flow directions

The impact of heterogeneous forest canopies and complex terrain on the horizontal distortion inflow is studied. Large-Eddy Simulation (LES) neutral Atmospheric Boundary Layer (ABL) flow performed for a wind farm in Sweden three cases associated with different directions at range static yaw misalignment (≃±6∘) where control system not activated. ground topography properties numerical modeling are extracted from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) 3D data. turbines within introduced using actuator disk model. To focus airflow deflection only by vegetation, study limited to upstream without any wake interaction. predicted mean speed turbulence intensity compared against nacelle-mounted anemometers taken farm’s turbine SCADA quantify additional load moments induced rotor blades incoming flow, aero-structural simulation all performed. results show that over swept area usually kept below (≃6∘) majority cases. However, large vertical shear exponent leading misinterpretation must be into consideration. Furthermore, imbalance due has least direct contribution moment. larger than α=0.25, contrary expectation, positive moment under positive-yawed may observed.